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    A "horseshoe" kidney

    Here is a "horseshoe" kidney. This is a congenital anomaly that most often occurs in association with other anomalies or syndromes with specific genetic defects such as trisomy 18. However, it can also occur as an isolated anomaly. The possible problem here is that the ureters take an abnormal course across the "bridge" of renal tissue and this can lead to partial obstruction with hydronephrosis

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    BASOPHILIC STIPPLING

    Definition: Very fine, pinpoint cytoplasmic granules distributed evenly in the cytoplasm Occurrence in blood: < 0.1 % of erythrocytes in normal blood Comment: The cell with basophilic stippling. Also anisocytosis of the erythrocytes and presence of ovalocytes and schisocytes. Staining: MGG Magnification: x 1000

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    An islet cell adenoma

    An islet cell adenoma is seen here, separated from the pancreas by a thin collagenous capsule. A few normal islets are seen in the pancreas at the right for comparison.

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    immunofluorescence micrograph of a glomerulus

    This immunofluorescence micrograph of a glomerulus demonstrates positivity with antibody to fibrinogen. With a rapidly progressive GN, the glomerular damage is so severe that fibrinogen leaks into Bowman's space, leading to proliferation of the epithelial cells and formation of the bright crescent shown here

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    RETICULOCYTE

    Size of the cell: 8 - 12 mm Shape of the cell: round Colour of cytoplasm: as in mature erythrocytes, with violet tint Granularity: none, very rarely with basophilic stippling Nucleus' shape: none Occurrence in blood: 0.5 - 1.5 % of erythrocytes Comment: The indicated cell is the reticulocyte, which in the May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining differs from the remaining mature erythrocytes. The indicated cell is greater, the perinuclear zone is not present and takes polychromatophilic staining. Staining: MGG Magnification: x 1000

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    SEGMENTED NEUTROPHIL

    Size of the cell: 14 - 20 mm Shape of the cell: oval or round Colour of cytoplasm: pink Granularity: a few azurophilic and neutrophilic, different in number granulation Nucleus' shape: lobulated (normally less than 5 lobes) Type of chromatin: condensed Nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio: low or very low Nucleoli: not visible Occurrence: blood: 40 - 75 % marrow: 5 - 20 % Comment: The arrow indicates a segmented neutrophils. Other maturating form of granulopoiesis are also present. Staining: MGG Magnification: x 1000 1. neutrophil metamyelocyte 2. neutrophil myelocyte 3. plasmocyte 4. promyelocyte 5. promonocyte 7. polychromatic normoblast 8. basophilic normoblast 9. pycnotic normoblast 10. lymphocyte

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    Penicillium 40x

    Penicillium

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    ANA

    ANA Mosaic 20 (HEp-2 cells, primate liver, SS-A+SS-b BIOCHIPs, rib. P-prot.+Jo-1 BIOCHIPs: antibodies against SS-A/SS-B

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    leiomyosarcomas

    Sarcomas, including leiomyosarcomas, often have very large bizarre giant cells along with the spindle cells. A couple of mitotic figures appear at the left and lower left.

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    dominant polycystic kidney disease

    Very rarely, dominant polycystic kidney disease (DPKD) can manifest at birth, and microscopically the distinctive feature in the kidneys is a glomerular cyst in which a glomerulus is involved with the cystic change, as shown here

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    viral hepatitis and councilman body

    Individual hepatocytes are affected by viral hepatitis. Viral hepatitis A rarely leads to signficant necrosis, but hepatitis B can result in a fulminant hepatitis with extensive necrosis. A large pink cell undergoing "ballooning degeneration" is seen below the right arrow. At a later stage, a dying hepatocyte is seen shrinking down to form an eosinophilic "councilman body" below the arrow on the left

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    CABOT'S RINGS

    Definition: Loop shaped or "8"- shaped occlusion found in erythrocytes during failure of erythropoiesis. The occlusion is probably formed from part of a mitotic spindle. Occurrence in blood: normally not present Comment: Cabot’s ring is indicated by the arrow. Also anisocytosis of the erythrocytes and several stomatocytes. Staining: MGG Magnification: x 1000

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    Drechslera

    Drechslera

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    E. floccosum

    E. floccosum

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    Dissolving Crystals

    Dissolving Crystals

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    Endometrial glands

    Endometrial glands and stroma are seen at high magnification in the wall of the colon. Endometriosis is symptomatic during reproductive years when patients may present with dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and infertility.

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    large renal calculus (stone)

    There was a large renal calculus (stone) that obstructed the calyces of the lower pole of this kidney, leading to a focal hydronephrosis (dilation of the collecting system). The stasis from the obstruction and dilation led to infection. The infection with inflammation is characterized by the pale yellowish-tan areas next to the dilated calyces with hyperemic mucosal surfaces. The upper pole is normal and shows good corticomedullary demarcations

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    T. mentagrophytes

    T. mentagrophytes

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    membranous glomerulonephritis

    By electron microscopy in membranous glomerulonephritis, the darker electron dense immune deposits are seen scattered within the thickened basement membrane. The "spikes" seen with the silver stain represent the intervening matrix of basement membrane between the deposits

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    Redia 10x

    Redia 10x

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    extensive hepatocyte necrosis

    There is extensive hepatocyte necrosis seen here in a case of acetaminophen overdose. The hepatocytes at the right are dead, and those at the left are dying. This pattern can be seen with a variety of hepatotoxins. Acute liver failure leads to hepatic encephalopathy

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    glomerulosclerosis

    This PAS stain demonstrates diffuse glomerulosclerosis associated with long-standing diabetes mellitus. There is an increase in mesangial matrix, a slight increase in mesangial cellularity, and capillary basement membrane thickening. These changes gradually advance until the entire glomerulus is sclerotic

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    T. verrucosum 40x

    T. verrucosum

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    ANA

    Pattern nucleolar. Anti-PM-Scl?

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    Echinococcus granulosus 10x

    Echinococcus granulosus

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    crescents

    Seen here within the glomeruli are crescents composed of proliferating epithelial cells. Crescentic glomerulonephritis is known as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) because this disease is very progressive. There are several causes, and in this case is due to SLE. Note in the lower left glomerulus that the capillary loops are markedly thickened (the so-called "wire loop" lesion of lupus nephritis).

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    fibrinoid necrosis of small renal arteries

    Malignant hypertension leads to fibrinoid necrosis of small renal arteries as shown here. The damage to the arteries leads to formation of pink fibrin--hence the term "fibrinoid".

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    corticomedullary junctions

    These fetal kidneys (from a gestation estimated at 25 weeks in the second trimester) demonstrate a normal cut surface. Note the pelvis and the calyces. Note the well-defined corticomedullary junctions

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    Sporotrichum schenckii 40x

    Sporotrichum schenckii

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    Endometriosis

    ) Upon closer view, these five small areas of endometriosis have a reddish-brown to bluish appearance. Typical locations for endometriosis may include: ovaries, uterine ligaments, rectovaginal septum, pelvic peritoneum, and laparotomy scars. Endometriosis may even be found at more distant locations such as appendix and vagina.

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    cortical microcysts

    Urinary tract obstruction in utero can lead to renal cystic change in addition to hydronephrosis. The cysts appear near the nephrogenic zone, because the developing glomeruli are most sensitive to the increased pressure. Thus, cortical microcysts develop as shown here